Bioenvironmental Engineering (BEE) Block 6 Practice Test

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• Which option best defines a continuous wave emitter?
• Which statement best describes a non-hazardous emitter?
• Who is a person within a shop or flight responsible for supporting organization/unit commanders on laser and optical radiation safety program issues?
• Which engineering control is used to totally enclose the entire length of the beam and are considered the most effective engineering control for laser hazards?
• Which body organs are most susceptible to EMF exposure?
• Which frequency range is associated with skin surface absorption leading to cataracts or skin burns?
• What is the term for the maximum permissible exposure limit in laser safety?
• Which item is NOT considered an administrative control for laser safety?
• The electric and magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity of an antenna are called what?
• Which part of the eye is damaged by visible light and near infrared radiation within the 350 to 1400 nm range of the EMF spectrum?
• Which term best describes the field that focuses on protecting workers from hazards related to radiation?
• What is the time width of an electromagnetic pulse?
• Which engineering control makes it that the laser cannot operate when the housing is opened or removed?
• Examples of Aircraft-mounted EMF.
• Which UV radiation band is most commonly linked with eye damage and skin cancer?
• What is the name of the distance from the antenna to the point where the power density equals the MPE?
• What is the most dangerous way an eye can be affected by a laser?
• What are the three factors that affect the amount of UV radiation in the natural environment?
• Which statement is true about ionizing radiation in relation to electron removal?
• Which engineering control occurs when the emitter is prevented from transmitting a signal once the antenna has reached a point in rotation?
• Which infrared application is most commonly associated with military operations?
• Which administration control can be implemented to work in both directions, whereby emitter controllers or operators and maintenance personnel are both made aware of each other's actions before proceeding into the hazardous area?
• Which of the following best contrasts pulsed emitters with continuous wave emitters?
• Which form of tissue damage by lasers causes tearing of tissue?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of the lower tier environment?
• What is the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave?
• Which engineering control is an alarm, a warning light, or a verbal "countdown" command can be used during activation or startup?
• What is an area where exposures may be incurred by people who have no knowledge or control of the hazard?
• Which antenna type is commonly used to shape beams and operate at microwave frequencies?
• Which method shows equations used for estimated distances, field survey equipment, and all required emitter parameters?
• Which infrared application is a military use?
• What carries energy and momentum that may be imparted to matter with which it interacts?
• Which form of laser-tissue damage is primarily associated with chemical changes in cells rather than mechanical tearing or heating?
• Which control is considered the most effective engineering control for laser hazards?
• Which method identifies a new emitter by inspecting it to determine the antenna type, hazard potential category, and risk level, and noting existing controls?
• What term is used for the lower energy forms of electromagnetic radiation?
• What is the ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically (in all directions)?
• What are two primary objectives when conducting an EMF radiation risk survey?
• Which statement is true about continuous wave mode?
• Which administrative control are written procedures that should be established for operation, alignment, and maintenance of laser systems?
• Which class of lasers are high-power lasers that are hazardous to view under any condition and are a potential skin and fire hazard?
• What is the distance along the laser beam beyond which the exposure is not expected to exceed the appropriate MPE?
• What is optical radiation that propagates in the form of a beam that maintains special properties?
• What is the output of a laser that is operated in a continuous rather than a pulsed mode?
• What does intensity of EMF mean?
• What is the number of pulses that are transmitted per second?
• Direct biological effects from EMF fields between 100 kHz and 3 GHz involve what main outcome?
• Which indirect biological effect relates to the vulnerability of medical implants or devices used in clinical practice due to EMF exposure?
• Which component supplies energy to excite the lasing medium?
• In an EMF radiation risk survey, one key objective is to identify hotspots where exposure is elevated.
• Which type of reflection causes the laser beam to spread in many directions when striking a rough surface?
• What is the primary factor in determining how well the body will absorb EMF with frequencies in the resonance range of 30-300 MHz?
• What contains the active medium and consists of a fully reflecting mirror at one end and a partially reflecting mirror at the other?
• Which method involves determining hazard potential and risk level for a new emitter and noting existing controls?
• What does it mean when waves of laser light are tightly in phase or in step with one another?
• Who fulfills obligations to follow safety procedures, keep training up-to-date, and report overexposures to their chain of command?
• What is infrared spectrum range?
• Which part of the eye is damaged by near UV and middle IR radiation?
• Intrabeam viewing is best described as?
• Which operation mode is when the signal is intermittent; i.e. turns on and off in very rapid sequence?
• What carries the signal from the transmitter to the antenna?
• What is the most common medical concern from UV exposure?
• Which class is a sub-classification, where it is considered incapable of producing hazardous exposure unless viewed with collecting optics, such as binoculars?
• Which of the following is a source of UV radiation in industrial settings?
• What is the point at which electromagnetic energy is intentionally emitted into free space and therefore of greatest concern to health risk assessors?
• Which of the following is an example of a Potentially Hazardous Emitter?
• Which of the following is an example of an aperture-type antenna?
• Which method focuses on obtaining information directly from the people who operate EMF emitters?
• What is the source of energy (power supply) that creates excitation of the laser medium?
• What is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation?
• Which class of lasers are intermediate-powered lasers and may be hazardous under direct and specular reflection viewing, and/or diffuse reflection, but the probability of an injury is small, and they do not present a fire hazard?
• Which UV radiation controls the growth of bacteria and is used in meat processing?
• Who is the central focal point and expert on radiation hazards?
• What is the maximum level of laser radiation to which personnel may be exposed without adverse biological effects?
• What are three ways the skin can be damaged by lasers?
• Which item is considered an administrative control for laser safety?
• Which is a common skin effect caused by UV radiation?
• Which engineering control is to maintain the level other than the normal position of the eye of a person in standing or seated position?
• Who reviews control measures during surveys and provides training to minimize exposures?
• Which statement best describes the role of the Active Medium in a laser?
• Which term defines the highest level of laser exposure considered safe for a given duration?
• Which individual is typically responsible for ensuring safety procedures are followed and training remains current at the worksite?
• The formula DF = PW x PRF is used to compute what property of pulsed emitters?
• Which engineering control is for emergency use only are usually installed inside rooms where antennas are located?
• What is used for one-way transmission?
• What is the least hazardous danger of viewing a laser beam?
• Which engineering control is used to absorb EMF energy while an EMF system is being tested?
• Which of the following is listed as a form of energy?
• Which statement best describes the upper tier environment?
• Which standard is commonly cited for laser safety in the United States?
• What is the ability of the laser to minimize beam divergence (spread) over a given distance?
• For skin protection in laser work, which PPE is used?
• Which class of laser is any laser system containing a laser that cannot emit laser radiation at levels that are known to cause eye or skin injury during normal operation?
• What information must a warning sign for a laser system include?
• Which administration control are used in areas with high EMF radiation levels to clearly identify EMF transmission?
• Which of the following is listed as a form of energy?
• Which part of the eye is also subject to damage as it may dilate, allowing 100 times more light into the eye?
• Which of the following is a mobile EMF source?
• Direct biological effects from EMF at low frequencies (3 kHz to 5 MHz) can cause painful nerve impulses due to induced body currents. Which type of effect is this?
• Which statement best describes the Optical Cavity in a laser?
• Which engineering control is specifically required for controlled areas where frequencies are below 30 MHz and electric burns are the primary hazard?
• What range of the spectrum is primarily used for communication?
• Which term is used to describe the maximum power density during the on-time of a pulsed emitter?
• Which method involves talking to the personnel who operate the EMF emitters?
• Which type of control is not used against electromagnetic field hazards?
• Direct biological effects from EMF fields in the 3 GHz to 300 GHz range are absorbed at the skin surface and can cause which conditions?
• What is the source of photon energy found in the center of the laser?
• At distances of a few wavelengths, the E and H fields transition into which region?
• Which method for identifying emitters has each known emitter listed on?
• Which statement lists the four primary methods to identify EMF emitters?
• Which eye feature may dilate to allow 100 times more light into the eye?
• Which of the following is a control method to protect from UV and IR radiation in welding operations?
• What are three different types of active medias that laser systems may use?
• What are some wire types for antenna?
• Which class is a subclass requiring caution when viewed with collecting optics?
• Which term describes energy emitted by a body that travels through space and is absorbed by another body?
• Which organization is the American body responsible for developing laser safety standards?
• What fundamental property of energy is conserved?
• Which form of laser-tissue damage is caused by rapid energy deposition leading to mechanical disruption?
• What three things is the effect of EMF dependent on?
• What is the ratio of on time to total time of a pulsed wave emitter?
• Which documents regulate lasers?
• Which of the following is a common source of EMF radiation?
• What is the physical quantity describing the rate of delivery or transmission of energy?
• Which engineering control is operated by a key or computer code, and when disabled (key or code removed), the laser cannot be operated?
• What are the components of a Laser?
• Who ensures that workers are following safety procedures and conducts training for personnel, while bearing responsibility for the health of all personnel under them?
• What consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that are energetic enough to remove electrons from otherwise neutral atoms or molecules, ionizing them?
• Which item is specifically designed to protect the eyes from UV and IR radiation in welding?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a Potentially Hazardous Emitter?
• Which PPE must be clearly labeled with the optical density and wavelength?
• What is exposure duration?
• Which term for the number of periods or regularly occurring events per unit time?
• What refers to the ability of the antenna to focus scattered EMF waves into a narrower, useful plane, thereby increasing signal strength, and is expressed in decibels (dB).
• Which control ensures the laser cannot operate when the housing is opened?
• Which option is a form of energy listed in the material?
• What is the difference between the mirrors in the Optical Cavity?
• Which term refers to eyewear designed specifically for lasers?
• Which of the following are examples of ionizing particles?
• The ideal radiator that emits energy equally in all directions is called?
• What is the amount of work that can be performed by a force, subject to a conservation law?
• What describes energy emitted by one body traveling through a medium or through space to be absorbed by another body?
• Which component radiates energy into space?
• Which form of tissue damage is due to heat buildup, often described as the cooking effect?
• Which symptom is most commonly associated with acute UV exposure on the skin?
• Who is usually your BE flight commander, developing and managing an installation laser and optical radiation safety program?
• In the context of radiation safety, what does BE stand for?
• Which of the following is NOT an active medium type used in laser systems?
• Which statement best characterizes a Potentially Hazardous Emitter?
• What refers to the time-averaged rate of energy transfer?
• What determines the characteristics of a laser?
• Which emitter type is most hazardous in the Air Force?
• Where is the highest power per unit area of a laser beam?
• Which term defines the maximum instantaneous power density during the on-time of a pulsed emitter?
• What are the two critical organs susceptible to damage from lasers?
• Which method lists a formal inventory of known emitters?
• What are the parts of an EMF emitter?
• Which control is used to communicate activation status to users via audible or visual signals?
• Which document outlines the BE duties related to laser and optical radiation safety?
• Which UV band damages the skin first and paves the way for UVB damage?
• Which of the following are examples of upper tier environment?
• What is considered the primary organ of concern to laser systems?
• What is it when the non-reflective surface changes the geometry/properties of the beam, causing the laser beam to spread, thus becoming less collimated and less hazardous?
• Which method for identifying emitters shows equations used for estimated distances, the equipment used in field surveys, and all required emitter parameters?
• Which part of the eye is damaged by UV within the 200 to 350 nm range and mid to far infrared radiation in the 1400 nm to 1 mm range?
• Which document designates BE responsibilities for radiation safety in the organization?
• What is also known as radiant heat, and is found at the lower energy end of the visible spectrum?
• What is the principal organ of concern from UV radiation exposure?
• What are the typical laser hazard source categories?
• Which field describes the force experiences by magnetic objects or moving electrical charges in space?
• What are some aperture types for Antenna?
• Which form of laser-tissue damage is associated with rapid mechanical disruption rather than heating or chemical changes?
• What are the two modes of a transmitter?
• What is the area within a laser workplace in which the exposure from direct beam, specular, and diffuse reflection could exceed the MPE?
• Which non-military application is commonly associated with infrared technology?
• Which of the following lists mobile EMF sources?
• What is the most common medical concern from UV exposure?
• Which term describes the ratio of radiation intensity in a given direction to the intensity from an isotropic radiator?
• What is produced whenever a conductor carries a current?
• What two factors that increase skin damage?
• Diffuse reflection is characterized by reflecting light in which way?
• Exposure to near UV and middle IR damages which ocular structure?
• A light beam is said to be what when there is a lack of cohesion, connection, or harmony?
• What are the two energy fields of EMF?
• Which EMF exposure range would you expect to cause skin heating effects at the skin surface?
• What is it when the laser beam reflects off a mirror-like surface and maintains its characteristics?
• For lasers, the MPE is dependent on?
• Which statement about the visible spectrum is true?
• Which single measure primarily reduces exposure by increasing separation from the source?
• Which field is a vector field defined by the electric force on a unit charge in space?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a form of energy?
• Which form of tissue damage by lasers can disrupt cell chemistry and may damage DNA?
• What is the most common source of hazardous IR radiation?
• EMF radiation emitters capable of producing exposure levels equal to or greater than the specified MPE are called?
• What are low-power visible lasers, that are considered not strong enough to damage a person's eyes because a person will normally blink and look away, however may not be safe for a person who deliberately stares into the laser beam for longer than 0.25 second?
• Which term describes the area inside a laser workplace where exposure could exceed MPE?
• At what wavelength is visible light found?
• Which term specifies the duration of a single electromagnetic pulse?
• Which form of tissue damage by lasers occurs through energy absorption and heat buildup, commonly referred to as the cooking effect?
• Which subclass of lasers are intermediate-power visible lasers, but are potentially hazardous in less than 0.25 seconds if viewed with collecting optics?
• Which of the following best describes Class 2 lasers?
• What is the term for an area where the MPE can be exceeded but access is physically controlled by fences, chains, locks, and signs to prevent inadvertent entry?
• Which of the following best describes laser radiation?
• A warning sign for a laser system must include which description?
• Which engineering control is a physical barrier sufficient to contain the beam and laser radiation from exiting the laser system, except at the beam aperture?
• Which principle is used to reduce exposure by increasing distance from the radiation source?
• What type antennas are used for the transmission and reception of microwave signals?
• Diffuse reflection occurs when a laser beam is reflected off what?
• What determines the chrematistics of a laser?
• What is intrabeam viewing?
• Which term refers to the documented guidelines for safe operation, alignment, and maintenance of laser systems?
• Which engineering control can be used where the user may operate the laser system remotely rather than directly near laser sources?
• Which UV radiation is considered the most dangerous and is linked to sunburn, aging, cancer, and eye damage?
• Which role is commonly responsible for developing and maintaining an installation's laser and optical radiation safety program?
• Audible sounds in the ear such as clicking, buzzing, and chirping during exposure to electromagnetic fields are collectively known as which effect?
• Which class is typically used for industrial cutting and is hazardous to view under any condition?
• What is UV spectrum range?
• What refers to any type of radiation that does not carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules?
• Which forms the high-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum capable of ionizing atoms?
• Exposure to UV in the 200-350 nm range and mid-to-far IR in 1400 nm to 1 mm harms which ocular structure?
• Which item provides direct eye protection from UV and IR radiation in welding operations?
• What term describes emitters producing less than 28 W (upper tier) or 5.6 W (lower tier)?
• If EMF intensity increases, what happens to hazard distance?
• Which protective approach is commonly used to shield skin from UV exposure in occupational settings?
• Which statement best describes specular reflection?
• Which engineering control is used to absorb EMF energy while testing and is not intended for regular operation?
• Which infrared application is a non-military use?
• Which phrase lists the three laser-induced skin damage mechanisms?
• What is the term for laser delivers its energy in a form of a single pulse or a train of pulses, and the duration of these pulses is < 0.25 second and measured in milliseconds, microseconds, or nanoseconds?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of Aircraft-mounted EMF?
• Exposure in the 350 to 1400 nm range primarily harms which ocular structure?
• Which region is primarily used for communications and lies within the non-ionizing portion of the spectrum?
• Which statement about beam collimation is most accurate?
• What is found above the visible range and bridges the gap between ionizing and nonionizing radiation?